TRIBE by SEBASTIAN JUNGER

"軍人たちは、戦地で残酷な死を目撃し、友を失い、ときには人を殺さざるを得ない状況に追い込まれる。その恐ろしい状況を生き延び、幸運に任期を終えた軍人は、なぜか、平和な母国に戻ってから精神的に壊れる。多くの退役軍人は、PTSD（心的外傷後ストレス障害）の診断を受け、障がい者扶助や治療を受けるのだが、それでもうつによる自殺者が後を絶たない..." "I have long wondered why when it was time for me to return to America from Vietnam I was apprehensive, perhaps even a bit frightened. Mr. Junger answered my question. I left my tribe" "Tribe focuses on the growing disconnect we’re experiencing with one another as a society, and the far reaching consequences of that disconnect. It’s an eye-opening letter to the American public that politely reminds us that we’ve lost our way when it comes to being a closer knit community as a whole ..." " I've not been a big fan of Junger's previous books, but in this book he puts his finger on one of the most important cultural realities of the twenty-first century, the loss of tight-knit communities..."

2019년의 마지막 책 ...오늘은 지난 1년동안 '몇권의 책을 읽었을까?' 라는 질문과 '어떤 책이 정말 나의 삶에 좋은 영향을 주었을까?' 라는 질문이 나의 마음을 지배하고 있다. 책을 읽는다는 것이 정말 좋은 것인가?? 흔 한 취미인 독서, 음악감상, 그림보기를 좋아해서 이런저런 행사에 참석을 했지만 건강에 문제가 생기고는 독서, 특히 원서 읽기에 관심을 갖고 살았다. 책속에 답이 있는지는 솔직히 모르겠다. 하지만 지금까지 독서는 나에게 많은 용기를 주었다. 이 책은 제목이 말해준다. 'Homecoming' 'Belonging' ... 참 글을 잘쓰는 작가이다. 계속 밑줄을 쳐야하는 작가는 아니지만 '아...' 하는 느낌으로 읽을 수 있는 작가이다.

위의 두 단어 외에도 bond, connected, resilience, sacrifice, share, community 등이 중요한 단어들이다.

 

- Robert Frost famously wrote that home is the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. The word 'tribe' is far harder to define, but a start might be the people you feel compelled to share the last of your food with.

- Emigration always seemed to go from the civilized to the tribal, and it left Westen thinkers flummoxed about how to explain such an apparent rejection of their society.

- .... that many people feel that affluence and safety simply aren't a good trade for freedom ....

- Suicide is difficult to study among unacculturated tribal peoples ...remarkably little evidence of depression-based suicide in tribal societies.

- According to .... World Health Organization people in wealthy countries suffer depression at as much as eight times the rate they do in poor countries .... run a much higher lifelong risk of developing severe mood disorders ....

- The mechanism seems simple : poor people are forced to share their time and resouces more than wealthy people are .... closer communities .....

- The positive effect of war .................. suicide ... homicide and other violent crimes also went down .... if they have more involvement with their community.

- Social bonds were reinforced during disasters ..... toward the good of the community rather than ...

- "Herro" is generally defined as risking your life to save non-kin from mortal danger. The resulting mortality rate is higher than for most US combat units.

- In every upheaval we discover humanity and regain freedom ...... We relearn some old truths about the connection happiness, unselfishness ....

- Almost everyone exposed to trauma reacts ..... short term .... acute PTSD ........Long-term PTSD ..... is clearly maladaptive and relatively uncommon ...

- Except for sociopath, one of the most traumatic events that a soldier can experience is witnessing hardm to others - even to the enemy ...

- .... recent studies ....."social resilience" have identified resources sharing and egalitarian wealth distribution as major components of a society's ability to recover from hardship ... American soldiers have returned to a country that displays many indicators of low social resilience ...

- Two of the behaviors that set early humans apart were the systematic sharing of food and altruistic group defense ....

- Soldiers expierence ...... no sense to make sacrifices for a group that, itself, isn't willing to make sacrifices for you. That is the position American soldiers have been in for the past decade and a half.

- The first time that the UNITED STATES suffered a wave of rampage shooting was during the 1930s, when society had been ... stressed and .... the Great Depression..... unity that might otherwise discourage alienated men from turning .... violent.

- .... the spirit of community healing and connection that forms the basis of ... ceremonies is one that a modern society might draw on ...

- Bauman obviously felt that true leadership ..... may require powerful people to put themselves last ... he clearly understood that belonging to society requires sacrifice, and that sacrifice gives back way more than it costs ...

- ... just dead inside ... It was the one thing that, poor as he was, he absolutely refused to be.